To provide useful parameters for the development of the capability to work out morpho-histopathological diagnostic criteria about various pathologies of cardiovascular and male genitourinary systems and non-neoplastic disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. To integrate the student's clinical knowledge and promote diagnostic reasoning.
Through autopsy and microscopic histological interpretation integrate students' clinical knowledge and foster diagnostic reasoning.
1. to know and understand the morphological and histopathological aspects of diseases of the cardiovascular, male urogenital, and non-neoplastic pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system.
2. on the basis of this, know and understand how the same alter the structure and function of organs until grasping the possible clinical applications.
3. to make students able, even through attending autopsies, to identify the morphology and histopathological structure of the main inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic diseases in the program.
4. especially during autopsy lectures, make students able to describe what they see and create direct clinical applications.
5. with continuous interaction between lecturer and student set major interpretive criteria useful for increasing learning ability and autonomy.
6. know and understand the morphological and histopathological aspects of pathologies of the head and neck districts, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, female genital and breast as well as skin and neoplastic pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system.

In order to be admitted to the autopsy room, students must have completed the autopsy room lessons of the second year.

Principles of general pathology; neoplasms, inflammation, degenerative lesions in: blood and limphatic vessels, heart, male genital tract, adrenal glands and paragangli: Inflammatory, immune-based, ischemic and haemorrhagic, degenerative pathology of the central nervous system.
Notions of normal anatomy, malformative abnormalities, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic pathology on:
Digestive System (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, appendix, anus) Pancreas, Liver, biliary tract, Respiratory System (trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura), Female Genital System (Cervix, uterus body, ovary, vulva and vagina), Urinary Apparatus (kidneys, ureters, bladder urethra), Hematopoietic System (bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen) Tegumentary Apparatus (skin and adnexa) Mammary Gland. Thyroid Gland and Neoplasms of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. Pathology of the eye.
General notions of pathologic anatomy techniques including extemporaneous examination, histologic, immunohistochemical, cytologic and molecular diagnostic techniques. Principles of cancer screening, staging of malignancies. Prognostic-predictive markers of malignancies

R. Rubin , D. Strayer, E, Rubin.
Anatomia patologica; patologia d'organo e molecolare.
(PICCIN)
Anatomia patologica. La sistematica
Libro di Giulia D'Amati e Pietro Gallo

Pelosi G. Sapino, Maiorano E.
Handbook of Functional Pathologic Anatomy Ed. Minerva Medica

The course aims to teach detailed information on normal anatomy, malformative abnormalities, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic pathology of the following chapters:
* EMATIC and LYMPHATIC VESSELS* [neoplasms, degenerative atherosclerotic aspects, vessel dissections]
* HEART [valves, pericardium, myocardium, endocardium] and LARGE VESSELS [myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, heart disease, noninfectious, autoimmune and infectious endocarditis and their complications, myocardial infarction and its complications, endomyocardial biopsy: roles and usefulness, primary and secondary cardiac tumors]
* MALE GENITAL APPARATUS [penis, testis, epididymis, prostate]: prostatic hyperplasia, prostates, orchitis, prostate neoplasms, testicular neoplasia, sex cord stromal tumor, precancerosis and penile carcinomas]
* Benign and malignant inflammatory and neoplastic pathology of the SURRENE and PARAGANGES: adenomas and carcinomas of the adrenal gland, pheochromocytoma.
* Inflammatory, immune, ischemic, hemorrhagic, degenerative diseases of the CENTRAL and PERIPHERAL NERVOSOUS SYSTEM: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral dementia, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease.
Due to text length limitations in this section, students are encouraged to view the syllabus in its entirety on the course Moodle site
FEMALE GENITAL APPARATUS [cervix, uterus body, ovary, vulva and vagina]: pre-neoplastic lesions of the cervix and canal, oncologic screening with PAP and HPV test, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, leiomyomas and malignant pathology of the uterus body. Neoplastic pathology of the ovary with emphasis on germ cell, specialized stroma and coelomic epithelial neoplasia. Pathology of the vulva and vagina (VIN and carcinomas and Paget's disease; benign lesions). RESPIRATORY APPARATUS: pneumonia, bronchopneumonia pathology of the pulmonary interstitium, pneumoconiosis, neoplasms of the lung (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated small cell carcinoma) TNM staging, ROLE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS in the treatment of lung carcinoma. Pleural pathology: plaques, pleruric mesothelioma, solitary fibrous tumor. DIGERIENT APPARATUS:Esophagitis, Barret's esophagus, Gastritis, polyps and preneoplastic lesions of the stomach , Gastric lymphoma carcinoma, staging and predictive factors. HLO-related pathology, gastric ulcer, gastric GIST, neuroendocrine neoplasms. Tenue and colon: celiac disease, bowel polyps, preneoplastic lesions, screening, carcinomas , MICI pathology of the appendix and anal canal. Intestinal infarction and ischemiaPathology of the pancreas: acute and chronic pancreatitis pancreatic carcinoma. Hepatotropic virus hepatitis, NASH, cirrhosis and liver carcinoma; the pathology of the intrahepatic biliary tract and the main and accessory extrahepatic biliary tract. Urinary tract: neoplasms of the kidney, nephroblastoma, urothelial neoplasms of the pelvis, uterus, bladder and urethra. Cystitis. medical pathology of the kidney: glomerulonephritis, vascular and intersitial pathology. HEMOPIATIC APPARATUS: Hodgkin's lymphoma, Major lymphomas of sec. REAL classification with emphasis on indolent lymphomas, large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, Anaplastic lymphoma to multiple myeloma. Benign and malignant breast neoplasms, risk factors and precancerous lesions. Thyroid pathology Melanoma and tumors of the skin and adnexa. CNS tumors (meningiomas, gliomas) Pathology of the salivary glands, larynx and oral cavity. Immunohistochemical histocytopathology techniques and predictive molecular pathology.

Lectures on the main topics on the syllabus with use of slides all present in moodle. Lessons in autopsy room [students must attend eight autopsies in total].
Microscope lab exercises (students must attend 6 microscope exercises divided over the two semesters based on sets of histological preparations related to pathology of the head neck, thyroid, salivary glands, lung and pleura, colon, breast, cervix, uterus, ovary and vulva)

The didactic and multi-choice self- evaluation tests are hosted in the Moodle platform.

To access the oral examination with prof. Bussani, students must have passed an examination in morphological lesion recognition at autopsy.
One can enter the practical examination in the autopsy room only after following eight diagnostic autopsies.
The exam in the autopsy room is graded from poor to excellent.
Those who have failed this test will not be able to access the oral examination and will have to retake it by prior arrangement with the lecturer.
The oral examination will consist of at least three specific theoretical questions on topics of the lecturer's choice pertaining to different apparatuses and pathologies.
To pass the exam (18/30), the student must demonstrate sufficient knowledge on the topics offered during the lectures and present in the general program.
To achieve the highest grade (30/30 cum laude), the student must have shown maximum attention to lessons during the course and answered all questions posed in an excellent manner.

The lecturer will schedule partial appeals on Esse 3 in a congruent number of dates and maximum number of candidates useful for all students who have passed the practical test to participate. The outcomes will then be officially posted on Esse 3.

The vote will be given in thirtieths.
Exam duration about 20 minutes if the student answers nimbly.


Access to the oral part with the course coordinator requires the recognition under the microscope of two histological preparations that will be discussed under the microscope. During this test, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired the skills at least sufficient to recognize the microscopic structures that characterize the single organ and those specific to the pathological object of microscopic observation. Passing the test will allow access to the oral part with a judgment of suitable or unsuitable (this part will be required for the current year exclusively for the cohort attending the current year of the course)

A weighted average will be made between the grade given by the two teachers.

This teaching contributes to the realization of the ONU goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.