Knowledge and understanding: Students will have to demonstrate that they have acquired knowledge on the clinical presentation (main symptoms, lab and diagnostic tool reports and clinical data) and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the diseases included in the program. They will have to demostrate a systematic understandig of all the field of study.

Applying knowledge and understanding:Student must be able to apply the knowledge of the pathophysiological assumptions in different clinical settings through correct application of patient management guidelines. They should apply their knowledge and understanding with a professional approach to their work, and aquire problem solving abilities in new or unfamiliar environments with in broader and multidisciplinary contexts. They have to demonstrate the ability to conceive and design a proper therapeutic plan.

Making judgements: Students should be able to use the acquired knowledge to develop a personal judgment and decision making approach and an independent critical view of the themes proposed in the course. Students have to aquire the ability to gather and interpret relevant and complex data to formulate a personal judgements that include reflection on relevant medical, social, scientific and possibly ethical issues.

Communicative skills: By the end of the course, students will be able to use a proper and appropriate technical-professional terminology to communicate health information effectively, expecially in field with patients and team members.

Learning skills: By the end of the course, students will prove to know the main themes of the course and to be able to prepare for the exam by planning and managing the study individually based on the content of the lessons, the teaching material delivered and the sources suggested for further study

Knowledge of anatomy, physiology and semeiotic

Provide to the student knowledge of surgical diseases. Their acquisition, based on knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms, will allow the student to formulate a correct interpretation of the symptoms, to speculate on differential diagnosis, achieve a correct diagnosis and finally to set up a proper therapy

Power Point prepared according to the most recent literature are available - Bellantone, de Toma, Montorsi - Chirurgia Generale Edizioni Minerva Medica Milano

hypovolemic shock - bowel ischemia (acute, chronic), ischemic colitis - Dunbar syndrome - acute peritonitis (diffuse and localized)

Class lectures and continuous mutual interaction between student and teacher. The student is encoraged to participate actively in the lesson and to elaborate a critical analysis that leads to autonomy of judgment and practical management of the clinical case.

Study Program and teaching Slides are available on the official "moodle 2" website of the University

There will be a single, integrated examination for the entire course of physiopathology, with a written part held via the moodle platform first (125 multiple-choice questions on 13 topics) in 2 hours and 33 minutes and then an oral part of 30 minutes. To be admitted to the oral part, it is necessary to have answered correctly to 60% of the questions and 60% of the topics. The oral exam will last 30 minutes and there will be 3 questions. As for the contents of this couse, there will be one oral question on one of the associations (10 minutes). Final score will be converted to a maximum of 30 points. (30-30 cum laude=excellent knowledge; 27-29=very good knowledge; 24-26=good knowledge; 21-23 = just right knowledge; minimum amount of knowledge; <18= not enough knowledge)

This teaching explores topics closely related to one or more of the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.