The course aims to provide an integrated understanding of the impact of electric mobility on power grids, covering technical, economic, and control-related aspects. Students will acquire the skills to analyze the energy demand resulting from transport electrification, design solutions for smart grid management (Smart Grids, Microgrids, Virtual Power Plants), and evaluate integration strategies for electric vehicles, including Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Ship technologies. The course also covers digital control architectures, the role of energy storage systems, and innovative solutions for connecting third-party users to public infrastructure.

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Introduction: Impact of E-Mobility on the Power Grid
Example: Calculation of Energy Demand from EVs
Smart Grid, Microgrid, and Virtual Power Plant
Business Models
Digital Control Systems in Microgrids
Hierarchical Control in Microgrids and Overview of Storage Systems
Microgrid Management with Storage Systems
Connecting Third-Party Users to Public Infrastructure
Onboard Storage Sizing
Vehicle-to-Ship

"Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks", Rodrigo Garcia-Valle, João A. Peças Lopes, Springer, 2013
"Wireless Power Transfer Using Magnetic and Electric Resonance Coupling Techniques", Takehiro Imura, Springer, 2020
Slides shown during the lessons and made available for the students.

Introduction: Impact of E-Mobility on the Power Grid
Brief introduction on the need for the electrification of the transport sector.
General overview of the impact of large-scale EV deployment on the grid and techniques to mitigate this impact.
Detailed analysis of the effects of e-mobility on: generation, transmission, distribution, and end users.
Detailed analysis of techniques to mitigate the impact of e-mobility on the grid: ToU (Time of Use), V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid), planning...

Example: Calculation of Energy Demand from EVs
Example of a stochastic methodology for calculating the impact of E-Mobility on the grid, considering different EV adoption scenarios and various charging strategies.

Smart Grid, Microgrid, and Virtual Power Plant
Definitions of Smart Grid, Microgrid, and Virtual Power Plant.
Structure and functions of a Microgrid.
Types of control in a Virtual Power Plant.

Business Models
Operational objectives of a Microgrid.
Introduction to the energy market and the actors involved.
Microgrid development.
Examples of pilot projects for EV market integration.

Digital Control Systems in Microgrids
Control structure, role of communication networks, control architectures (centralized, decentralized, distributed).

Hierarchical Control in Microgrids and Overview of Storage Systems
Second part of the lecture on digital control in microgrids, focusing on hierarchical control (primary, secondary, tertiary, and central layers).
Technologies and applications of storage systems (terminology and key parameters).

Microgrid Management with Storage Systems
Methods for interconnecting storage systems with the distribution grid.
Inverter control for storage and detailed analysis of droop control in AC grids.
Hybrid solutions and their advantages. Implementation examples.

Connecting Third-Party Users to Public Infrastructure
Challenges of grid congestion in Dutch networks and possible solutions for energy recovery from public transport systems (metro, trolleybus).

Onboard Storage Sizing
Methodologies for sizing onboard energy storage systems.
Example: electric ferries and large all-electric ship.

Vehicle-to-Ship
Example of a Vehicle-to-Grid solution applied to the maritime sector, particularly all-electric ferries.
Techno-economic evaluation of various power supply solutions for Ro-Ro ships, with comparison using key economic indicators.

Theory classes

The level of undestanding of the topics discussed during the course will be checked by means a traditional oral exam devoted to verify the knowledge and the maturity reached by the candidate within the matters of the course.
The evaluation will take into account the student's ability to expose, clearly and in a detailed way, the arguments proposed by the teacher.