Knowledge and understanding: understand the fundamental principles of the dynamics of the power plant and power grid systems; know the management practice of the electrical power generators and electric power plants. Applying knowledge and understanding: be able to study and evaluate the electromechanical transients phenomena and the voltage regulation systems.
Making judgements: be able to apply the acquired knowledge in order to solve problems regarding the synthesis and the design of voltage regulation systems.
Communication skills: acquire the technical and scientific language required to expose and discuss technical and theoretical problems in the field of power systems' management and control. Learning skills: be able to collect information from text books, databases, and congressual proceedings in order to autonomously
solve problems regarding the power systems' management and control.
To be able to analyze and configure a network for the power systems management and control.

Electrical Power Systems.

Introduction to management and control of power plant - grid systems: electrical and automation elements. Description of the three-phase synchronous machine; first assumptions and hypotheses; fundamental equations (electrical, magnetic and mechanical); Park's transformation and its main properties. Application of the Park’s transformation to electric and magnetic machine’s equations; axis "d" and "q" linear networks.

Operational transfer functions: A(p), B(p), Ld (p), Lq(p); characteristic time constants of the synchronous machine; “d” and “q” axis synchronous, transient, and sub transient inductances. Introduction to relative values representation system ("per unit"). Mechanical equation in relative values. Bode plots of operational transfer functions. Steady state operation; vector diagram of the synchronous machine in the absence of magnetic saturation; short circuit, no-load, and full load machine operation; use of the machine vector diagram, diagram tracking process, examples about rated excitation current calculation. Representation of the synchronous machine operation on the p/q chart; constant excitation curves; over- and under-excitation limits; capability charts. Representation of saturation in the synchronous machine’s magnetic circuits; use of "d" and "q" axis models; changes in fundamental equations and equivalent circuits; armature leakage reactance. d/q equations of the magnetic part in presence of magnetic saturation; steady state operation at no-load and in synchronous compensator operation; Potier diagram and reactance (notes); representation of emf reduction due to magnetic saturations. Vector diagram and calculation of the excitation current in the presence of saturation; Potier coefficient. Voltage regulation in electric power plants: introduction; generator running on isolated load; excitation control systems; static direct exciter; rotating "brushless" exciter; functional characteristics of a modern excitation control system; transfer functions; reduced order models; block diagrams of modern voltage regulators with integral action. Voltage regulation loop of the synchronous machine: stability, dynamic, transition from no-load to full load; additional features: over- and under-excitation limits, reactive power regulation loop, compound (positive and negative); electromechanical oscillations and stabilizing signals. Specification and testing of an excitation control system; examples of modern industrial installations. Dynamic model of a power plant – grid system. Dynamics of the individual components, interactions between components, transformation matrices, global dynamic model; classification of transients in electrical systems. Simulators; laboratory simulation of electromechanical transients. Coordinated and hierarchical voltage control in transmission systems. Automation elements applied to the secondary voltage control; System Automatic Voltage Adjustment (SART). Tertiary voltage control system (notes). Introduction to Distributed Generation (GD). Definitions, evolution, perspectives, issues related to the development of the DG. The Voltage Rise phenomenon: analysis and mitigation techniques. Automation applied to distribution networks in the presence of DG. Laboratory instruments for the simulation: algorithms and examples. Information and Communication technologies applied to electrical energy control: real time operating systems; modeling and simulation of an electrical grid control systems. A notable case of isolated power system: shipboard power systems. Electric power management and control systems onboard ships.

R. Marconato “Electric Power Systems”, Ed. CEI.

F. Saccomanno “Electric Power Systems: Analysis and Control”, Wiley.

ABB technical notes booklet (n. 12): Shipboard Electrical Power Systems.

Slides (provided by the Professor).

Norme tecniche e registri di classifica (Fascicoli vari citati a lezione).

Introduction to management and control of power plant - grid systems: electrical and automation elements. Description of the three-phase synchronous machine; first assumptions and hypotheses; fundamental equations (electrical, magnetic and mechanical); Park's transformation and its main properties. Application of the Park’s transformation to electric and magnetic machine’s equations; axis "d" and "q" linear networks.

Operational transfer functions: A(p), B(p), Ld (p), Lq(p); characteristic time constants of the synchronous machine; “d” and “q” axis synchronous, transient, and sub transient inductances. Introduction to relative values representation system ("per unit"). Mechanical equation in relative values. Bode plots of operational transfer functions. Steady state operation; vector diagram of the synchronous machine in the absence of magnetic saturation; short circuit, no-load, and full load machine operation; use of the machine vector diagram, diagram tracking process, examples about rated excitation current calculation. Representation of the synchronous machine operation on the p/q chart; constant excitation curves; over- and under-excitation limits; capability charts. Representation of saturation in the synchronous machine’s magnetic circuits; use of "d" and "q" axis models; changes in fundamental equations and equivalent circuits; armature leakage reactance. d/q equations of the magnetic part in presence of magnetic saturation; steady state operation at no-load and in synchronous compensator operation; Potier diagram and reactance (notes); representation of emf reduction due to magnetic saturations. Vector diagram and calculation of the excitation current in the presence of saturation; Potier coefficient. Voltage regulation in electric power plants: introduction; generator running on isolated load; excitation control systems; static direct exciter; rotating "brushless" exciter; functional characteristics of a modern excitation control system; transfer functions; reduced order models; block diagrams of modern voltage regulators with integral action. Voltage regulation cycle of the synchronous machine: stability, dynamic, transition from no-load to full load; additional features: over- and under-excitation limits, reactive power regulation cycle, compound (positive and negative); electromechanical oscillations and stabilizing signals. Specification and testing of an excitation control system; examples of modern industrial installations. Dynamic model of a power plant – grid system. Dynamics of the individual components, interactions between components, transformation matrices, global dynamic model; classification of transients in electrical systems. Simulators; laboratory simulation of electromechanical transients. Coordinated and hierarchical voltage control in transmission systems. Automation elements applied to the secondary voltage control; System Automatic Voltage Adjustment (SART). Tertiary voltage control system (notes). Introduction to Distributed Generation (GD). Definitions, evolution, perspectives, issues related to the development of the DG. The Voltage Rise phenomenon: analysis and mitigation techniques. Automation applied to distribution networks in the presence of DG. Laboratory instruments for the simulation: algorithms and examples. A notable case of isolated power system: shipboard power systems. Electric power management and control systems onboard ships.

Introduction: common shipboard power systems architectures, regulatory environment; SOLAS; ship classification registers; issues related to energy sources (main, transient, emergency). Basic configurations of shipboard power systems; redundancies; All Electric Ships; onboard power station and integrated power system; electrical balance of a ship.

Oral lessons. Workshops. Teaching labs. Technical visits.

Compulsory attendance of some specific educational activities (workshops, seminars, interactive exercises, etc.) is expected

Final oral examination with theory questions, discussion of complex problems, and cases of study.
During the examination, the knowledge about the overall course program will be evaluated thorugh an appropriated number of questions.
Presentation of a technical work concerning real time systems or simulation of electrical networks.