ELECTRICAL DRIVES

[183MI]
a.a. 2025/2026

2° Year of course - First semester

Frequency Not mandatory

  • 9 CFU
  • 72 hours
  • Italian
  • Trieste
  • Obbligatoria
  • Standard teaching
  • Oral Exam
  • SSD ING-IND/32
  • Advanced concepts and skills
Curricula: ENERGIA ELETTRICA
Syllabus

Once taken the course, the student shall have obtained insight in:
- electrical drives schemes and their applications
- modeling of dc and ac electrical drives and some elements of dynamic operations
- estimation of induction motor fluxes directed to their control
- control principles for electrical motor drives
Skills:
Once taken the course, the student shall be able to:
- model and analyze electrical motor drives and their operation in the applications
- analyze dynamics of the electrical motor drives (dc, induction and permanent magnet synchronous motors)
- choose a suitable control structure and calculate control parameters for an electrical motor drive
- independently develop innovative ad advanced solutions with respect to the state of art of the subject.


Once taken the course, the student shall have obtained insight in:
- electrical drives schemes and their applications
- modeling of dc and ac electrical drives and some elements of dynamic operations
- estimation of induction motor fluxes directed to their control
- control principles for electrical motor drives
Skills:
Once taken the course, the student shall be able to:
- model and analyze electrical motor drives and their operation in the applications
- analyze dynamics of the electrical motor drives (dc, induction and permanent magnet synchronous motors)
- choose a suitable control structure and calculate control parameters for an electrical motor drive
- independently develop innovative ad advanced solutions with respect to the state of art of the subject.

Students should be familiar with the notions of mathematics,
physics and electrical engineering typically acquired in first-level degrees in Industrial engineering.
Moreover they must have good knowledge specifically of
Foundamentals of Automatic
Power Electronics
Electrical Machines.

Basic and advanced concepts of electrical drive systems. Emphasis on system analysis, design and application. Topics includes: dc machine control, review of ac machines modeling, induction motor dynamics, scalar and vector control of induction motor, current control in the ac drives, estimation of the induction motor magnetic fluxes, direct torque control of induction motor. Control stategies for permanent magnet trapezoidal (BLDC) and permanet magnet synchronous motor drives. Reluctance and step motor drives.

Slides presented and discussed throughout class lessons (supplied by the teacher) Krishnan: "Electric Motor Drives" Prentice Hall Novotny-Lipo; "Vector control and dynamics of AC drives" Oxford Bellini, Figalli; "Il motore asincrono negli azionamenti industriali" Aracne.

• BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE ELECTRICAL DRIVES
- Electrical drives:
definitions
overview schemes
technical specifications
mechanical load modeling
• DC ELECTRICAL DRIVES
- Current and speed control schemes.
- Analyze and design the current and speed regulators
- Effects on the dc drive performances of the supply converter (phase controlled rectifier or chopper).
• INDUCTION MOTOR MODELING: AN OVERVIEW
- Voltage and torque equations expressed with the phase variables,
- three phase to two phase (a-b-c to alpha-beta) and stationary frame to rotating frame (alpha-beta to d-q) transformations
- physical meaning of the transformations, alpha/beta and d-q model equations,
- state-space variable representation of the mathematical model,
- properties of the state-space model, dynamic (and steady-state)
- equivalent circuits ("T", "Gamma" and "reverse-Gamma" (i.e."wrong way round Gamma")).
* INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
- Classical (old) schemes for variable speed.
- Principle of dynamic operation of the induction motor
* SCALAR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
- Voltage supply:
Voltage/frequency control
- Current supply:
Review of the steady state equations and torque characteristics
I/omega control
* VECTOR OR FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
- Principle of field oriented control: conditions, equations and implementation
- Direct field-oriented control
- Indirect field-oriented control: schemes and features
- Parameter (rotor constant time) sensitivity of the field-oriented control.
* CORRENT CONTROL IN AC DRIVES
- Hysteresis current control
- Linear current control: stationary and synchronous frame.
- Feedfoward current control.
- Predictive current control (basics).
- Numerical simulations of some examples of current control.
* FLUX ESTIMATION OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR.
- Estimation by voltage model.
- Estimation by current model.
* DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL (DTC) OF INDUCION MOTOR
- Basic scheme and principle of operation.
- Stator flux vector amplitude and electromagnetic torque control by means of inverter voltage space-phasor.
- Control strategies.
* PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS (PMBL) MOTOR DRIVES.
- Principle of operation and control scheme of the trapezoidal machine drive (current supply of the motor)
- Sinusoidal PMBL motor: modelization.
- Field oriented control of the PMBL sinusoidal motor.

The course will mainly consist of traditional classroom lectures.
The approach to the matter is methodological-oriented, the issues are presented by demonstrating all the assertions and for the some important electrical drive schemes, the theory is corroborate by computer simulation.
The students will be encouraged to ask for questions during the lectures.

The level of undestanding of the topics discussed during the couse will be checked by means a traditional oral exam devoted to verify the knowledge and the maturity reached by the candidate within the matters of the course.
The evaluation will take into account the student's ability to expose, clearly and in a detailed way, the arguments (from two to four depending on the difficulty of the topics) proposed by the teacher.
The score will be determined based on the level of preparation demonstrated:
1) basic knowledge of the topics covered in class (18-20);
2) in-depth, precise and detailed knowledge of the topics exposed in class (21-23);
3) in addition to the previous point, ability to choose an electric drive in response to the particular design needs linked to a specific application (24-26);
4) ability to reasoned theoretical re-elaboration and critical discussion of the topics proposed in class (27-29);
5) full mastery of the subject with the ability to reasoned theoretical re-elaboration, critical discussion and proposal of design solutions based on what was learned in class, but being able to not remain strictly tied to what is exposed therein (30-30 cum laude).