D1 - KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: acquire knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the systems in which the human body is organized and its function.. Correlate knowledge to the fundamentals of ENT clinic. Furthermore, acquire adequate biomedical terminology.

D2 - ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
be able to apply the acquired knowledge as a solid foundation for learning other disciplines of the course of study.

D3 - MAKING JUDGMENTS: acquire an adequate capacity for critical elaboration of the morpho-functional correlations between the various body systems.
D4 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS: the acquisition of adequate biomedical terminology is essential for interfacing within the biomedical scientific community.
D5 - LEARNING SKILLS: it is essential to acquire a study method, above all in order to profitably proceed in the subsequent course of study.

Fundamental topics of Cell Biology..

Basic and general concepts of morphological, functional, and clinical disciplines.

Overview of eukaryotic cytology.

Mechanisms of action potential generation

Morpho-functional aspects of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the auditory, vestibular, and visual systems.

Morpho-functional and clinical aspects of the digestive and respiratory systems, with particular focus on the structures of the head, neck, and thoracic regions.

MARTINI F., TIMMONS M.J., TALLITSCH R.B.
HUMAN ANATOMY (7th Italian Edition), 2019, EdiSes (Naples, Italy)

DIMON T.
ANATOMIA DELLA VOCE (Italian Edition), 2020, Piccin (Padova, Italy)

Purves et al., Neuroscienze, Zanichelli

Silverthorn, Fisiologia umana, un approccio integrato. Pearson

Manzoni & Scarnati, Fisiologia orale e dell'apparato stomatognatico. Edi-
Ermes.

Albera Rossi Otorinolaringoiatria
Pignataro Trattato di otorinolaringoiatria

Fundamental topics of eukaryote cell morphology.
Anatomic terminology.
Fundamental outlines of histology.
Macro- and microscopic morphological aspects of structures of the head-neck topographic district.
Osteo-arthro-muscular system
nervous system.
Blood and lymphatic vascular system.
Digestive system.
Respiratory system.

Generation and transmission of information: Cell physiology
excitable. Synaptic plasticity, memory, learning, development.
Sensitive systems: Someesthesia. Neurophysiology of Vision.
Neurophysiology of hearing. Neurophysiology of balance.
Motor activities: Spinal reflexes. Voluntary movement.
Cortical organization of language: Cerebral cortex. Language.
Hemispheric lateralization.
States of consciousness: Sleep. Neurophysiological basis
of consciousness and attention.
ENT physiology: the basic knowledge of physiology of the districts of the vads in reference
especially phonoarticulation and swallowing.

Clinical anatomy of the larynx related to function and pathology.
Endoscopic instrumental semeiotics of the larynx related to function and pathology.
Clinical anatomy of the sinonasal region, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx related to function and pathology.
Endoscopic instrumental semiotics of the sinonasal area, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx related to function and pathology.
Physiology and pathophysiology of phonation.
Dysphonia: classification of the most common pathologies.
Physiology and pathophysiology of swallowing.
Dysphagia.
Dysphagia in recurrential paralysis.
Dysphagia of the tracheotomized patient.
Post-intubation dysphagia.
ORL semiotics.
Endoscopy using rigid and flexible instruments.
Imaging in ENT diagnostics.
Tests that can be used to evaluate dysphagia: swallowing tests, bed side examination, FEES.

Lectures with Powerpoint or compatible files.

Power Point presentations of the teaching units can be found on the Moodle@UniTs IT and Microsoft TEAMS dashboards.

The teaching, made up of several teaching modules, gives rise to a single mark, weighing the contribution of the credits of each single module. The overall assessment is expressed out of thirty with possible honors and the minimum passing threshold corresponds to a score of eighteen/thirtieth. The evaluation grid adopted is the following: - Excellent (30 - 30 cum laude): excellent knowledge of the topics, excellent language skills, excellent analytical skills; the student is able to brilliantly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Very good (27 - 29): good knowledge of the topics, remarkable language skills, good analytical skills; the student is able to correctly apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Good (24-26): good knowledge of the main topics, good command of the language; the student shows an adequate ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Satisfactory (21-23): the student does not show full mastery of the main subjects of the teaching, even if he/she possesses the fundamental knowledge; however, he shows satisfactory language skills and sufficient ability to apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Sufficient (18-20): minimal knowledge of the main teaching topics and technical language, limited ability to adequately apply theoretical knowledge to concrete cases. - Insufficient: the student does not have an acceptable knowledge of the contents of the various topics of the programme. The exam is written and/or oral.

Specific verification tests will be carried out for each specific teaching module.

INTERNAL PROPAEDEUTICITY TO THE TEACHING.
The test of Human Anatomy must be passed before being able to take both the test of Human Physiology and that of ENT Semeiotics.

OVERALL MARK OF THE EXAMINATION.
It is calculated with the weighted average of the credits of the single marks in thirtieths. These averages are rounded to the nearest whole unit if the decimals are between 0.01 and 0.49; to the upper whole unit, if the decimals are between 0.50 and 0.99. Any honors obtained in each single module increases the numerical mark by 1,00 points. To obtain honors in calculating the overall mark of the course, the unanimity of the teaching staff is required.

This integrated teaching course explores topics closely related to one or more objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations.