Be able to define the physical sources generating gravity and magnetic potential fields; knowledge of the potential field methods and numerical implementations to forward model the fields for a given static and time variable source. Knowledge of classical and quantum technology instrumentation used to measure the fields. Applications in the study of the earth and Climate change variables.

Basic knowledge in Physics

Fundamental concepts in gravity and magnetic potential fields
Acquisition of gravity and magnetic fields with classic and quantum technology.
Satellite gravity and magnetic field missions.
Forward modeling

Hinze, von Frese, Saad, 2013, Gravity and Magnetic Exploration,
Cambridge University Press
Torge, Wolfgang, Müller, Jürgen and Pail, Roland. Geodesy, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110723304

Textbook for the students interested to deepen the potential field
theoretical aspects: Blakely, R. (1996) Potential
Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications, Cambridge University Press,
New York

1-Introduction
2-Theory of the spherical harmonic expansion of the potential field.
3-Reference systems. Height reference systems, ellipsoidal and normal
heights, international Ellipsoid WGS84,geoid, Disturbance potential and
relation to gravity anomaly and gravity disturbance
Gravity derived from Satellite Altimetry. Satellite gravity and magnetic
missions
Mission objectives CHAMP, GRACE-FO, GOCE, Next Generation Gravity Mission, Quantum Gravity mission.
4-Mass temporal variations as climate indicators. Mass changes from deglaciation. Density of materials and rocks and their relation to other physical parameters.
5-Observation and acquisition of gravity and magnetic fields. Quantum technology instrumentation for gravity and gradient measurements. Review on existing experimental instrumentation. Advantages of quantum respect to classical instrumentation. Einstein equivalence Principle. Instrumental noise and frequency response characteristics. Superconducting gravimeter. Absolute gravimeter. Potential differences from clocks.

6-Magnetic field: Internal and external earth field and its secular time variations. Spherical harmonic
expansion of the field, international Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), time variation of the magnetic field tied to solar activity and magnetic storms. Space weather.
7-Integrated forward modeling of the gravity field for different interesting examples. Usage of GMT General Mapping tools.

Frontal lectures and hands on applications for measuring, mapping, interpreting, and
modeling the gravity and magnetic fields.

Oral exam with discussion of assigned exercises. The oral examination is
aimed at evaluating both the student's knowledge of theoretical
arguments and his ability in defining applicative realms of the gravity and magnetic fields and their measurements.
The successful accomplishment of the exam is expressed in a grade between 18 and 30 cum laude.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)