KNOWLEDGE AND ​COMPREHENSION : the knowledge required to understand the items will be ​imparted and ​the ​students' ​ ​ real understanding ​of the​ transmitted ​notions ​will be verified.
KNOWLEDGE AND ​COMPREHENSION ​APPLICATION SKILLS​ ​ : it will be verified whether ​the ​ students are able to ​​argue about the proposed issues.
AUTONOMY ​ IN JUDGEMENT​ : ​the students ​should be able to collect and interpret clinically relevant data.
​COMMUNICATION​ SKILLS: ​the students should be able to communicate information, ideas and solutions to clinical problems.
LEARN ​ING SKILLS​ : ​the students will have to demonstrate a sufficient degree of autonomy to undertake subsequent studies in a self-guided manner.

The course aims to furnish the student with a correct preparation about all the problems concerning operative dentistry and endodontics, in order to make him capable of co-operating with the dentist by assisting him. Furthermore, the student will be able to perform specific tasks as direct operator in the field of operative dentistry.

Basics of anatomy, histology, physiology, pathophysiology

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
The course treats the problems of operative dentistry and endodontics from the dental hygienist’s point of view. General aspects and the aspects specifically interesting for the dental hygienists are clarified. The role of the hygienist is underlined both in its direct form on the patient and in assisting of the dentist. Detailed notions are taught about the team management of the clinical cases and of the instruments. Rules for the the optimization of the work are given.

Conservative Dentistry
- Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of dental caries
- Caries: anatomical-pathological, topographical, and radiological classification
- Role of the dental hygienist in conservative dentistry: caries prevention
- Non-cariogenic dental substance loss
- Indications and contraindications for conservative treatment
- Cavities according to Black
- Basic instrumentation in conservative therapy
- Isolation of the operative field
- Restoration execution: differences based on methods and techniques
- Pulp capping
- Introduction to tooth whitening

Endodontics
- Role and tasks of the dental hygienist
- Medical devices
- Preparation of dental tray
- Endodontic instruments
- Irrigation and disinfection of the root canal
- Root canal filling
- Endodontic retreatment: basics
- Endodontical surgery: basics
- The restoration of the endodontically treated teeth
- Hygiene, disinfection, sterilization and storage of the instruments in endodontics

Devlin H. Operative Dentistry: A Practical Guide to Recent Innovations (Clinical Sciences in Dentistry) Springer, 1st edition, 2006
Mahmoud Torabinejad, Richard E. Walton. Endodontics: principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009, 4th Edition
International literature

Conservative Dentistry
- Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of dental caries
- Caries: anatomical-pathological, topographical, and radiological classification
- Role of the dental hygienist in conservative dentistry: caries prevention
- Non-cariogenic dental substance loss
- Indications and contraindications for conservative treatment
- Cavities according to Black
- Basic instrumentation in conservative therapy
- Isolation of the operative field
- Restoration execution: differences based on methods and techniques
- Pulp capping
- Introduction to tooth whitening

Endodontics
- Role and tasks of the dental hygienist
- Medical devices
- Preparation of dental tray
- Endodontic instruments
- Irrigation and disinfection of the root canal
- Root canal filling
- Endodontic retreatment
- Endodontical surgery
- The restoration of the endodontically treated teeth
- Hygiene, disinfection, sterilization and storage of the instruments in endodontics

Lectures
Preclinical and clinical practical demonstration

Any changes to the methods described here, which become necessary to ensure the application of the safety protocols related to the COVID19 emergency, will be broadcasted by the teacher and published on the websites of the Department of Medical Sciences.

Written and/or oral examination, possible practical test will be on