Knowledge and understanding skills: at the end of the course, the student will have to
- demonstrate to know the causes (microbiological, chemical, physical) that cause alteration of the structures and functions of our organism (etiology), the mechanisms through which these causes the damage (pathogenesis), The reactive processes with which the body responds to insults in order to restore its integrity and of course the pathologies that result in defects;
- the student must demonstrate knowledge of microorganism biology;
- the student must demonstrate in general terms the pathology of flogistic, degenerative and neoplastic situations of the head and neck district;
- the student will have to demonstrate the general principles of epidemiology and prophylaxis of infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases and the importance of health and disease information.
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course, the student must be able to consciously and effectively manage infectious risk situations during his professional practice regarding etiology. At the end of the course, once the student becomes aware of the importance of health and illness information, he / she must be able to apply the basic concepts of hygiene in the exercise of the profession.

Communicative Skills: at the end of the course, the student must demonstrate that he / she is able to expose the notions in the first point (Knowledge and understanding skills).

The prerequisites for admission to the course are related to the degree of knowledge of biology, chemistry and mathematics acquired in the Italian upper secondary school.
Propedeuticity: human morphological sciences and physiology.

General pathology: cellular pathology, inflammation, repair of tissues, hemodynamic alterations and shock, neoplasia.
Pathologic anatomy; roles of pathologic anatomy; cellular reactions; methods of recovery of the wounds; inflammation; neoplastic lesions; dystrophic lesions. Special part to the oral compartment.
Microbiology; prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bacteria, fungi, viruses, antibiotics and disinfectants, overview of microorganisms associated with human skin and mucous membranes, lesions of the oral cavity in infectious diseases, possible infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.
Hygiene: epidemiology, descriptive epidemiology , epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases, vaccine and immune serum infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.

Didactic material provided and suggested texts
N. Comodo, G. Maciocco, Igiene e Sanita Pubblica, manuale per le professioni sanitarie, CarocciFaber, Roma, 2003/Barbuti S., Fara G.M., Giammanco G., Carducci A., Coniglio M.A., D'Alessandro D., Montagna M.T., Tanzi M.L., Zotti C.M. Igiene. III ediz., Monduzzi, Bologna, 2011.
Robbins - Kumar – Cotran. Anatomia patologica Casa Editrice: Emsi [Roma]. Volume: Unico/ Roderick A. Cawson-Edward W. Odell. Cawson's Essentials of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. Churchill Livingstone – Elsevier.
Matteo A. Russo - Luigi Frati - Giuseppe M. Pontieri. Patologia generale. Piccin Nuova Libraria/Robbins e Cotran. Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Patologia generale. Elsevier Masson

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
• Cellular Pathology.
• Inflammation.
• Repair of tissues.
• Hemodynamic alterations and shock. Edema, hyperemia and congestion, hemorrhage, embolism, heart attack, shock.
• Hemostasis and thrombosis. Normal hemostasis (endothelium, platelets and the coagulation cascade), thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
• Neoplasia.

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
• prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
• Forms bacteria.
• Structure and function of key components ( cell wall ,
• cytoplasmic membrane , cytoplasm , ribosomes ) and optional ( granules
• metachromatic , flagella , fimbriae , extracellular polymeric substances )
• the bacterial cell .
• Structure of the fungal cell .
• The spore and training.
• Division of the bacterial cell and growth curves .
• Bacterial metabolism (respiration , fermentation) .
• Bacterial genetics ( replication of chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA ,
• transformation , transduction , conjugation , plasmids and transposons ) .
• Antibiotics and disinfectants.
• Structure of viruses and their mode of reproduction , and some examples of viruses .
• Overview of microorganisms associated with human skin and mucous membranes .
• oral microbial ecosystem
• Microbiology of dental plaque
• Microbiology of dental caries
• Microbiology of periodontal disease and periodontal
• Lesions of the oral cavity in infectious diseases
• Possible infections contractible during the course of the professional activity.

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY:
Roles of pathologic anatomy: Cellular reactions; methods of recovery of the wounds; inflammation; neoplastic lesions; dystrophic lesions.
Dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, major infections of the mouth, jaws and perioral tissues. Cysts of the jaws. Odontogenic tumours and tumour-like lesions of the jaws. Non odontogenic tumours of the jaws. Infective and non infective stomatitis. Tongue disorders. Benign chronic white mucosal lesions. Oral premalignancy. Oral cancer. Neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases of salivary glands. Mesenchymal neoplasms of the oral cavity. Melanoma and pigmented lesions of the oral cavity.

GENERAL HYGIENE
Introduction epidemiology .
Definition of epidemiology
Historical and fields of application of epidemiology
Sources and methods of data collection demographic and health
Census cards, birth and death , notification of infectious diseases, hospital sources , records of diseases
Methodology for recording, processing and presentation of data , the age pyramid
Frequency measures of health events
Ratios, proportions , rates
Incidence and Prevalence
Crude rates , specific and standard

Lectures, providing educational materials and references.

Teachers are at disposal for informations; at the beginning of the course the didactic material is delivered; at the beginning of the course there is explained the manner of management of the course and of the examinations.
For some courses the didactic material is available on the Moodle platform.

PREPARATIONS:
First year
To take the CI of Etiopathogenesis of Diseases, the CI of Basic Biomedical Sciences must be passed
To support CI of Etiopathogenesis of Diseases, CI Human Morphological Sciences and Physiology must be passed
To support the 1 year internship, CI of Dental Hygiene Sciences 1 must be passed

Interim evaluation tests (group work and oral presentations) are foreseen.
The final exam is composed of a written test (test with multiple choice questions) and an oral exam.
The final evaluation is done in marks out of thirty, mediating the results obtained in the individual modules.
For the individual modules, please refer to the proposals of the specific lecturers,

This teaching contributes to the realization of the UN objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development