The student will be able to design a geophysical survey, to acquire and process the recorded dataset, to extract and develop subsurface
information.
In order to reach these objectives the course will focused on
both theoretical aspects for each geophysical method and on field data acquisition and processing.

Basic knowledge of the geophysical methods. Elements of
electromagnetism, electrostatic, elastic theory, wave field propagation.

Questo corso tratta la descrizione di diverse tecniche geofisiche,
tra cui i metodi elettrici come ERT, IP, TDEM e FDEM; il Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) e le applicazioni sismiche a riflessione e rifrazione.
Vengono analizzate l'applicabilità dei metodi e la progettazione dell'indagine, le tecniche di acquisizione e gli algoritmi di elaborazione/inversione.
Viene inoltre fornita una descrizione dell'interpretazione e dell'integrazione dei risultati.
Le lezioni frontali sono integrate da sessioni al computer, misure e acquisizioni in situ
e sessioni in laboratorio su software di elaborazione e simulazione geofisica.

· Sharma P. V., Environmental and engineering geophysics, Cambridge
University Press, 1997.
· Reynolds J. M., An introduction to applied and environmental
geophysics, Wiley, 1997.
· Jol H. M. (Editor) Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications,
Elsevier, 2009.
· Young R. A., A Lab Manual of seismic reflection processing, EAGE
publications, 2004.
· Yilmaz O., Seismic data analysis, Processing, Inversion and
interpretation of seismic data, SEG, vol.1, 2001.
· Carrara E., Rapolla A. e Roberti N., Le indagini geofisiche per lo studio
del sottosuolo: metodi geoelettrici e sismici, Liguori ed., 1992
· Fedi M., Rapolla A., I metodi gravimetrico e magnetico nella geofisica
della terra solida, Liguori ed., 1993.

The course has 4 teaching units divided in several lessons, including front lectures,
on site surveys, computer sessions. The total number of hours is not less
than 60. The units, with a short description of the content are:

Introduction to the geophysical methods
Basic concepts, geophysical parameters, resolution, sensitivity,
applicability. Survey design and synthetic data simulation..

Electrical methods
Conductivity of the rocks. Self Potentials.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data acquisition and inversion.
Critical evaluation of results.
Induced Polarization
Low frequency EM methods: time and frequency domain.

Ground Penetrating Radar – GPR.
Basic principles and parameters.
single-fold, multi-fold and multi-component acquisitions. Velocity analysis
and depth conversion.
Data processing: editing and geometry; drift removal (zero time correction); spectral analysis and filtering, background removal,
amplitude analysis and gain, velocity analysiss, vertical and horizontal
stack, depth conversion and migration.

Seismic methods.
Basic principles: reflection/transission coefficient.
Reflection seismics.
Refraction seismics.
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves – MASW.

Magnetic methods
Physical bases of the earth magnetism. Instruments and measurement
techniques.

On site surveys, computer sessions, front lectures

Report on one or more geophysical techniques, with examples of
acquisitions/processing based on dataset acquired during the course.
Oral examination about the report and on the whole course program.

This course explores topics closely related to one or more goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs).